Symptoms can vary depending on site of lesion, extent of damage to the brain, and the child's age or stage of development. TBI can cause brain damage that is focal (e.g., gunshot wound), diffuse (e.g., shaken baby syndrome), or both. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a form of nondegenerative acquired brain injury resulting from a bump, blow, or jolt to the head (or body) or a penetrating head injury that disrupts normal brain function (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). See the Traumatic Brain Injury section of the Pediatric Brain Injury Evidence Map for summaries of the available research on this topic. ASHA has a separate Practice Portal resource page on Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults.Ī separate resource on mild traumatic brain injury will be developed in the future. If you need immediate assistance, please dial 911.Ĭopyright © 2021 by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.The scope of this page is limited to pediatric traumatic brain injury (ages birth through 21). For all questions please contact the AACAP Communications Manager, ext. Organizations are permitted to create links to AACAP's website and specific Facts sheets. All Facts can be viewed and printed from the AACAP website ( Facts sheets may not be reproduced, duplicated or posted on any other website without written consent from AACAP. Hard copies of Facts sheets may be reproduced for personal or educational use without written permission, but cannot be included in material presented for sale or profit. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) represents over 9,400 child and adolescent psychiatrists who are physicians with at least five years of additional training beyond medical school in general (adult) and child and adolescent psychiatry.įacts for Families© information sheets are developed, owned and distributed by AACAP. Please make checks payable to the AACAP and send to Campaign for America’s Kids, P.O.
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Your support will help us continue to produce and distribute Facts for Families, as well as other vital mental health information, free of charge. If you find Facts for Families© helpful and would like to make good mental health a reality, consider donating to the Campaign for America’s Kids. However, an awareness of these differences can help parents, teachers, advocates, and policy makers understand, anticipate, and manage the behavior of adolescents. It also doesn't mean that they shouldn't be held responsible for their actions. These brain differences don't mean that young people can't make good decisions or tell the difference between right and wrong. change their dangerous or inappropriate behaviors.pause to consider the consequences of their actions.misread or misinterpret social cues and emotions.Research has also shown that exposure to drugs and alcohol during the teen years can change or delay these developments.īased on the stage of their brain development, adolescents are more likely to: Their actions are guided more by the emotional and reactive amygdala and less by the thoughtful, logical frontal cortex. Pictures of the brain in action show that adolescents' brains work differently than adults when they make decisions or solve problems. All these changes are essential for the development of coordinated thought, action, and behavior.Ĭhanging Brains Mean that Adolescents Act Differently From Adults Nerve cells develop myelin, an insulating layer that helps cells communicate. Other changes in the brain during adolescence include a rapid increase in the connections between the brain cells and making the brain pathways more effective. This part of the brain is still changing and maturing well into adulthood. However, the frontal cortex, the area of the brain that controls reasoning and helps us think before we act, develops later. Scientists have identified a specific region of the brain called the amygdala that is responsible for immediate reactions including fear and aggressive behavior. Studies have shown that brains continue to mature and develop throughout childhood and adolescence and well into early adulthood. There is a biological explanation for this difference. Adolescents differ from adults in the way they behave, solve problems, and make decisions. At times, it seems like teens don't think things through or fully consider the consequences of their actions. Many parents do not understand why their teenagers occasionally behave in an impulsive, irrational, or dangerous way. Teen Brain: Behavior, Problem Solving, and Decision Making
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